Ma insulatorsndi zida zapadera zotchinjiriza zomwe zimatha kugwira ntchito yofunikira pamakina apamtunda.M'zaka zoyambirira, ma insulators ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamitengo yogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo pang'onopang'ono amapangidwa kukhala nsanja zolumikiza mawaya amphamvu kwambiri pomwe ma insulators ambiri opangidwa ndi ma disc adapachikidwa kumapeto kwina.Anagwiritsidwa ntchito kuonjezera mtunda wa creepage, nthawi zambiri wopangidwa ndi galasi kapena zoumba, ndipo amatchedwa insulator.Ma insulators amagwira ntchito ziwiri zofunika pamizere yopatsira pamutu, mawaya othandizira komanso kuletsa mphamvu yamagetsi kuti isabwerere pansi.Ntchito ziwirizi ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa.Ma insulators sayenera kulephera chifukwa cha zovuta zosiyanasiyana zama electromechanical chifukwa cha kusintha kwa chilengedwe komanso kuchuluka kwa magetsi.Apo ayi, insulator sidzakhala ndi gawo lalikulu, ndipo idzawononga moyo wautumiki ndi moyo wogwira ntchito wa mzere wonse.
Insulator: Ndi chinthu chomwe chimakonza ndi kuyimitsa waya pansanja mopanda insulated.Ma insulators omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamizere yotumizira mphamvu ndi awa: zolumikizira zadothi zooneka ngati ma disc, zotsekera magalasi zooneka ngati ma disc,
Kuyimitsidwa ndodokompositi insulators.(1) Ma insulators a porcelain botolo: zotsekera zadothi zapakhomo zimakhala ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu, zimafunikira kuzindikira ziro, ndipo zimakhala ndi ntchito yayikulu yokonza.
Pakakhala kugunda kwa mphezi ndi kuphulika kwa kuipitsa, ngozi za zingwe zimakhala zosavuta kuchitika, ndipo zimathetsedwa pang'onopang'ono.(2) Insulator yagalasi: Imakhala ndi ziro yodziphulika yokha, koma kuphulika kwadzidzidzi kumakhala kochepa kwambiri (nthawi zambiri kumakhala zikwi khumi).Palibe kuyendera komwe kumafunikira pakukonza.Pankhani yodziphulika ya magalasi otenthedwa, mphamvu zotsalira zamakina zidzafikabe kuposa 80% ya mphamvu yosweka, yomwe ingatsimikizirebe kuti mzerewo ukuyenda bwino.Sipadzakhala ngozi zosawerengeka ngati kugunda kwamphezi ndi kuphulika kwa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'malo oipitsa a Gulu I ndi Gulu II.(3) Insulator yophatikizika: Ili ndi ubwino wa ntchito yabwino yotsutsana ndi kuipitsidwa kwa flashover, kulemera kwake, mphamvu zamakina apamwamba, ndi kusamalidwa kochepa, ndipo yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madera oipitsidwa ndi mlingo wa III ndi pamwamba.
Ma insulators a porcelain: Ma insulators amadziwika kuti mabotolo adothi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandizira mawaya.Ma insulators amatha kuwonetsetsa kuti ma kondakitala, mikono yodutsana ndi nsanja zimakwanira.Ayenera kupirira katundu mu njira ofukula wa waya ndi mavuto mu malangizo yopingasa pa ntchito.Zimapiriranso ndi dzuwa, mvula, kusintha kwa nyengo ndi dzimbiri la mankhwala.Chifukwa chake, ma insulators ayenera kukhala ndi magetsi abwino komanso mphamvu zamakina zokwanira.Ubwino wa insulator ndi wofunikira kwambiri pakugwira bwino ntchito kwa mzere.Ma insulators amatha kugawidwa m'ma insulators othandizira, ma insulators oyimitsidwa, anti-pollution insulators ndi ma bushing insulators malinga ndi kapangidwe kawo.Malinga ndi cholinga chake, imatha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: ma insulators, ma insulators a substation ndi ma bushings.Malinga ndi zinthu za insulator.Pakali pano pali zadothi, magalasi ndi organic composite insulators.Ma insulators omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamizere yapamtunda amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ma insulators a pini, zoteteza agulugufe, zoyimitsira zoyimitsidwa, zida zaporcelain zopingasa mikono, zolumikizira ndodo ndi zotsekera.Pali mitundu iwiri ya zolakwika zamagetsi mu insulators: flashover ndi kuwonongeka.Flashover imapezeka pamwamba pa insulator, ndipo zizindikiro zowotcha zimatha kuwoneka, koma nthawi zambiri ntchito yotsekemera sikutayika;kuwonongeka kumachitika mkati mwa insulator, ndipo kutulutsa kumachitika kudzera mu thupi la ceramic pakati pa kapu yachitsulo ndi phazi lachitsulo.Ma insulators akhoza kuwonongedwa kwathunthu ndi arcing.Kwa kuwonongeka, chidwi chiyenera kulipidwa poyang'ana zizindikiro zotuluka ndi kutentha kwa mapazi achitsulo.Pofuna kuteteza dothi monga fumbi loyandama kuti lisamamatire pamwamba pa insulator, njira imapangidwa yomwe imathyoledwa ndi voteji pamapeto onse a insulator, ndiko kuti, creepage.Choncho, mtunda wamtunda ukuwonjezeka, ndiko kuti, mtunda wa creepage, ndi mtunda umene umatulutsidwa pamtunda wotetezera, ndiko kuti, mtunda wotuluka, umatchedwa mtunda wa creepage.
Creepage distance=mtunda wapamtunda/kuchuluka kwamagetsi kwadongosolo.Malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa kuipitsa, mtunda wa creepage nthawi zambiri umakhala 31 mm / pa kilovolti m'malo oipitsidwa kwambiri.Mphamvu yamagetsi imatha kuweruzidwa mwachindunji malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa ma insulators, nthawi zambiri, 23 pa 500kv;16 kwa 330kv;220 kv9;110kv5;ichi ndi chiwerengero chochepa, ndipo padzakhala mmodzi kapena awiri ena.Mzere wotumizira wa 500kv kwenikweni umagwiritsa ntchito makondakitala ogawanika anayi, ndiko kuti, pali zinayi pagawo limodzi, 220kv imagwiritsa ntchito makondakitala opitilira awiri, ndipo 110kv imagwiritsa ntchito imodzi ina.Pafupifupi 1 insulators ndi 6-10KV, 3 insulators ndi 35KV, 60KV mizere si osachepera 5 zidutswa, 7 insulators ndi 110KV, 11 insulators ndi 220KV, 16 insulators ndi 330KV;28 insulators ndithudi ndi 500KV.Kwa ma insulators a pini pansi pa 35KV, palibe kusiyana mu chiwerengero cha zidutswa.Mizere ya pamwamba ya 10KV nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya simenti imodzi ya 10-12m ndi zotsekera mapini.Mtunda wowongoka pakati pa mitengoyo ndi pafupifupi 70-80m.Palibe chimango chachitsulo cha 10KV, mtengo wokha wokhala ndi mizere itatu yothamanga kwambiri.Zofala kumidzi;Mizere yapamwamba ya 35KV nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya simenti ya mita 15 imodzi kapena iwiri (gwiritsaninso ntchito zochepa zazing'ono zazing'ono zachitsulo, kutalika kwake kuli mkati mwa 15-20 metres) ndi zidutswa 2-3 za zoteteza agulugufe, mzere wowongoka pakati pa mitengo. pafupifupi 120 m;220KV ndi nsanja yayikulu yachitsulo.Mizere yakumtunda ya 220KV nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito nsanja zachitsulo zopitilira 30 metres ndi zingwe zazitali za zoteteza agulugufe.Mtunda wowongoka pakati pa nsanja zachitsulo ndi wopitilira 200 metres.Composite insulators: Kuwonetsetsa kuti mphamvu zamagetsi zikuyenda bwino ndikuwongolera kudalirika kwamagetsi ndi chizindikiro chofunikira pakuwunika kwamakampani opanga magetsi, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mosalekeza kwa zida zapamwamba ndi njira yabwino yothetsera vutoli.Monga chopangidwa chatsopano, makina opangira mphira a silicone ali ndi ubwino wopepuka kulemera, kukula kochepa, anti-flashover, kukana kukalamba, kusamalidwa komanso kusamalidwa, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mizere ya 35kV ndi 110kV.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jan-30-2023