M'malo mwa sayansi ya zinthu, apeza nkhani yophatikizira yomwe imadzitamandira komanso kutentheza kwa kutentha komanso kutentha kumayimira kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwa mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Zinthu ngati izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pantchito kuyambira amospace urossuce engineernions kwaomwe amagula, pomwe zida zimayenera kukhala ndi mikhalidwe yovuta pomwe ikukhulupirika. Kumvetsetsa malo apadera ndi ntchito za zinthuzi kumapereka chidziwitso chofunikira kwambiri pakusintha kwawo kwaukadaulo wamakono.

Katundu wosinthika ndi kutentha - Zida Zosalimba

Kusinthasintha, Kutentha - Zida zosalimba nthawi zambiri zimaphatikiza zabwino zabwino za zinthu zomwe zimapanga ma Spoosites omwe akuwonetsa apamwamba. Magulu awa amaphatikizira kuphatikiza zinthu monga silika ndi fiberglass, omwe amadziwika chifukwa chosinthasintha komanso kulimba mtima. Silika imathandizira kusintha kwa zinthuzo ndikulimbana ndi kutentha kwa kutentha, pomwe fiberglass imapereka mphamvu yolimba komanso kuthekera kolekereza kutentha kwambiri popanda kuwonongeka.

Zipangizo zophatikizika zimapangidwa kuti tithane ndi kutentha kuyambira pansi mpaka pansi mpaka kumapeto kwa madigiriyi pafupifupi mazana angapo, ndikuwapanga kukhala abwino pantchito yogwiritsira ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Kukhazikika kumeneku pansi pa kupsinjika kwa mafuta ndikofunikira kwa zinthu zambiri - magwiridwe antchito, monga Aerospace kapena mafakitale agalimoto, komwe zida zimayang'aniridwa.

Mapulogalamu ambiri osiyanasiyana

Kuphatikiza kwapadera kwa kusinthasintha komanso kutenthedwa kwa kutentha kumatsegula mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana m'magulu angapo. Ku Aerospace, zinthuzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zisindikizo, ma gasti, ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe zimayenera kupirira zonse - Kutentha Kwambiri ndi Kutentha Kwazikulu ndi Kutentha kwa injini. Mofananamo, m'makampani opanga magalimoto, zinthu zotere zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'magawo omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kutentha kwambiri, monga pansi pa - zigawo zikuluzikulu, kuonetsetsa kukhala kwabwino komanso kudalirika.

Zopitilira mabala, zinthuzi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri mu gawo la zamankhwala, pomwe zida zimafunikira kuwirikiza kutentha kwambiri, ndipo popanga makompyuta amagetsi, pomwe madama amagetsi amafunikira magwiridwe antchito komanso chitetezo.

Ubwino pazinthu Zachikhalidwe

Zipangizo zomwe zimapereka kusinthasintha komanso kukana kutentha kumayimira kudumphadumpha kwakukulu kutsogolo poyerekeza ndi zinthu zachikhalidwe monga rabable yachilengedwe. Ngakhale zida zachikhalidwe zili ndi mapindu ake, nthawi zambiri amagwa kwambiri - Mapulogalamu kapena malo omwe amafunikira kusinthasintha kwapadera. Mwachitsanzo, mphira yachilengedwe imakhala ndi malire ndi kutentha kwake kumaloledwa komanso kuchepetsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo osiyanasiyana.

Pogwiritsa ntchito ma composites, mafakitale amatha kukhala ndi zigawo zomwe si zolimba zokha komanso zolimba komanso zimatha kukhalabe ndi zinthu zambiri pamatenthedwe ambiri. Izi zimabweretsa zinthu zomwe zimakhala bwino, khalani ndi moyo wautali, ndipo nthawi zambiri amafunikira kukonza.

Zoyembekeza zamtsogolo ndi zinthu zina

Monga ukadaulo ukupitilirabe, kukula kwa zinthu zophatikizika kwambiri kumakhalabe zowunikira komanso zatsopano. Kuyesayesa kumachitika kuti ziwonjezere mawonekedwe a magetsi a zinthu zotere popanda kunyalanyaza kutentheza kwawo kwa kutentha kapena kusinthasintha. Kulonjeza zinthu izi kuti muwonjezere zofunikira za zinthu zophatikizika, kuphatikizanso kulimbikira kugwira ntchito yawo mu ntchito zamakono zaukadaulo.

Kafukufukuyu amalangizidwanso kuti apange zinthuzi kukhala zochezeka, poyang'ana njira zopangira komanso zokhazikika. Cholinga chake ndikupanga zida zophatikizika zomwe sizimangokumana ndi njira zogwirira ntchito komanso zimathandizira kuchepetsa mawonekedwe a chilengedwe cha mafakitale a mafakitale.

Pomaliza, kupendako ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kosinthasintha, kutentha - Zithunzi Zosagwirizana ndi Zovuta Zakuthupi Zokhudza Sayansi, Kupereka Kupititsa patsogolo Ntchito Yowonjezera, Kupititsa Pachitetezo Choposa Mafakitale Osiyanasiyana. Monga kafukufuku ndi chitukuko chikupitirirabe, zinthuzi ndizomangika kuti ziyende bwino ndi kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ntchito, ndikupanga tsogolo labwino komanso mwaukadaulo.

Kusungunuka kwamagetsi kumathandizanso kukhala ndi gawo lofunikira mu mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza magetsi, magetsi, komanso matelefoni. Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu zokomera koteroko ndikofunikira kuti muwonetsetse chitetezo, kudalirika, ndi ntchito. Zipangizo zingapo zimawoneka chifukwa cha zinthu zabwino kwambiri komanso kusinthasintha, kuwalola kutsatira njira zosiyanasiyana.

Ma polima ndi ma pulasitiki

Chimodzi mwazinthu zofala kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazisudzo zamagetsi zosinthika ndi ma polity ndi mapulaneti. Zipangizozi zimakondedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha kusanja kwawo pokonza, katundu wambiri wambiri, komanso kusinthasintha kwamakina. Polyvinyl chloride (pvc) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakutulutsa mawaya ndi zingwe chifukwa cha kulimba kwake ndi mtengo - kuchita bwino. Mofananamo, polyethylene (pe) amapereka ndalama zotsika komanso zosakanikirana zazitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera zopindika komanso zapamwamba - Mapulogalamu a Frequency.

Mafuta a Thermoplastic, monga thermoplastic polyirethane (tpu) ndi rabara ya silika, amapereka kusinthasintha kwakukulu komanso kulimba mtima, makamaka madera omwe amaphatikizika ndi kupsinjika kwamakina. Nyenga rabani imadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake kwamatenthedwe komanso kukana kwanyengo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kwa mapulogalamu akunja. Ma poizoni awa amapereka ndalama pakati pa kusinthasintha ndi mphamvu, kuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamphamvu.

Zipangizo Zophatikizika

Zipangizo zophatikizika zapeza kutengera kwa chimbudzi chamagetsi chosinthika chifukwa chokhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zingapo zomwe sizikwaniritsidwa ndi zida zilizonse. Zipangizozi zimapangidwa ndi kuphatikiza zinthu zosiyanasiyana monga ulusi, mafilimu, ndi ma resini kuti mukwaniritse ntchito zapamwamba. Mwachitsanzo, mafilimu ophatikizika omwe amaphatikizira ma polima okhala ndi ceramic kapena magalasi owonjezera amatha kupatsa chisudzo chamagetsi komanso kukana kwamafuta.

Kusintha kwa zinthu zophatikizira kumawalola kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazomwe mungagwiritse ntchito, kumapangitsa kuti azikhala ndi zikopa zamagetsi limodzi ndi mphamvu zamagetsi ndi kukana kwachilengedwe. Zizolowezi zotere zimawapangitsa kukhala ofunika podula - matekinoloje am'mphepete momwe mungagwirire ntchito.

Nsalu yosinthika ndi pepala - okonda ma inslalators

Nsalu - Okhazikika, nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi ma resin kapena mankhwala ena chithandizo, amapereka kuphatikiza kwapadera kosinthasintha komanso kukhazikika. Ndiwothandiza kwambiri pantchito zofunika kwambiri - kukana kutentha komanso kusinthasintha kwamakina. Mitengo ya Aaramidi, yodziwika chifukwa chakuzunza ndi mphamvu zawo, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nsalu zosinthika, zimapereka kudalirika ngakhale zitakhala zovuta kwambiri.

Pepala - ogwiritsa ntchito anthu, ngakhale ndichikhalidwe china, ngakhale ndi zina mwamphamvu zomwe zidachitika ndi mankhwala otukuka omwe amalimbikitsa mphamvu zawo zowonjezera matenthedwe. Zipangizozi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu transforrs ndi zina zambiri - Zida zam'madzi, zimapereka njira yachuma komanso yothandiza kwambiri, makamaka mukakhala ndi matekinoloje apakompyuta a magwiridwe antchito.

Mafilimu apamwamba ndi zojambula

Makanema apamwamba a polymer ndi maforo achitsulo okutidwa ndi zigawo zophatikizidwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito magwiridwe osinthika. Mwachitsanzo, makanema a Polymiramide, amapereka katundu wambiri wamagetsi komanso katundu wamagetsi abwino kwambiri, ndikuwapangitsa kukhala oyenera aeroskossice ndi mafakitale amagetsi. Akagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi zigawo zochititsa chidwi, amathanso kutumikila ntchito zofunsira zosokoneza electromagnetic (EMI).

Makanema awa ndi zopusitsayo amapereka chopepuka, njira yosinthira yomwe imatha kukhala yophatikizika mosavuta kukhala mapangidwe ophatikizika komanso ovuta, kupereka zabwino zambiri m'magawo apakompyuta ambiri.

Pomaliza, zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa magetsi osinthika ndi osiyanasiyana, aliyense wopereka chuma chapadera choyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu angapo. Kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ya polymer, ukadaulo wapamwamba, komanso nsalu yojambula bwino komanso matekilonomiyulo ndi zojambulajambula zikukula bwino kuti mukwaniritse momwe mungathere kugwiritsira ntchito magwiridwe antchito osasinthika. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri monga momwe mafakitale amafunira kwambiri, chitetezo, komanso magwiridwe antchito ambiri komanso ovuta.

Zipangizo zotchinga zosinthika ndizofunikira pomanga ndi magawo opanga mafakitale, kupereka mankhwala othandizira pamapulogalamu osiyanasiyana. Amadziwika chifukwa cha kusintha kwawo komanso kuchita bwino, zinthuzi zimapereka yankho ku zovuta zomwe zimapangidwa ndi malo osakhazikika komanso malo olimba. Pomvetsetsa kuti katundu ndi phindu la kututa kosinthika, akatswiri amatha kupanga zisankho zanzeru kuti athandize kukulitsa mphamvu komanso chitetezo m'nyumba ndi machitidwe.

Kumvetsetsa zosinthasintha

Pamaso pake, zosinthika zosinthika zimapangidwa kuti zizigwirizana ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito mafuta. Mosiyana ndi makulidwe okhazikika, omwe angavutike kutengera ma geometries, zosankha zosinthika zimatsimikizira kusatchire, komwe ndikofunikira pakuchepetsa mphamvu yakuterera ndikusunga magwiridwe antchito.

Zinthu zosinthika nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zophatikizana, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopangidwa kuti zipangitse katundu, monga kuchuluka kwa mafuta, kukhazikika, komanso kusinthasintha. Izi zimaphatikiza ulusi wachilengedwe wokhala ndi zinthu zopangidwa mwachilengedwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale bwino kwambiri popanda kunyalanyaza zosintha kapena kusinthika.

Ntchito ndi mapindu

Kusinthasintha kosinthika kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zamalonda, zamalonda, ndi mafakitale, omwe amayamikira chifukwa chosintha komanso magwiridwe ake. M'malo osungirako pafupipafupi, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri mu attics, malinga, ndi pansi, kupereka ndalama zopatsa mphamvu. M'malonda azamalonda, imathandizira hvac makina, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mpweya wabwino umagawika komanso kukhalabe malo oyenera m'malo akulu.

Kuchulukitsa kwa mafakitale, kumasinthidwe kosinthika ndikofunikira kwa zida ndi makina omwe amayendetsa matenthedwe osiyanasiyana. Imapereka chitetezo chothandizana ndi mankhwalawa mosasintha, kuteteza makina ku magetsi kutaya mphamvu ndikuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, m'malo omwe kuwongolera ndikofunikira, monga momwe mapaipi amapendekera, monga mu mapaipi ndi maulendo osinthika amachepetsa chiopsezo cha kutentha kwa chinyezi - Mmwamba, ndi zovuta zina.

Zojambula pazinthu zosinthika

Kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zophatikizira kumawonjezera kwambiri kuthekera kwa kusinthasintha. Kuphatikiza mphamvu za zigawo zosiyanasiyana, zinthuzi zimapereka mwayi wosinthika komanso magwiridwe antchito. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito fiberglass mumitengo yosiyanasiyana kumathandizira kuti zikhale ndi nkhawa kwambiri zamafuta ambiri, pomwe ulusi wopangidwa bwino ungawonjezere gawo la kudalirika komanso kukhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi umunthu.

Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zophatikizika zitha kukhala zopangidwa kuti zikane ndi moto wina - kukana njira zofunika, kulingalira kofunika pakupanga chitetezo. Kusintha kumeneku kumatsimikizira kuti kusinthika kosasinthika sikuthandizira kugwira ntchito mphamvu komanso kumawonjezera mbiri ya chitetezo cha nyumba ndi kukhazikitsa.

Mapeto

Kutulutsa kosasinthika ndi gawo lofunikira pakupanga kwamakono ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale, kupereka masinthidwe, komanso chitetezo. Ndi kuphatikiza kwa zinthu zophatikizika, kuthekera kwake kumakulitsidwanso, kupereka mafuta othandiza, kukhazikika, komanso magwiridwe antchito. Kwa akatswiri ofuna kukonza mphamvu zolimbitsa thupi komanso mawonekedwe osonyeza kuti kukhulupirika, kusokonekera kosintha ndi chida chamtengo wapatali kwambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti nyumba ndi machitidwe onsewa amagwiritsa ntchito bwino kwambiri. Pokumbatira zabwino zotulutsiratu, omwe akukhudzidwa amatha kupeza njira zosinthika zomwe zimakwaniritsa malamulo amakono ndi chitetezo.

Munthawi zamuyaya - Dziko Lonse Lapansi Lakuthupi Sayansi, kufunafuna kopanga zinthu zosinthika komanso zolimba kwakhala malo oyambira. Monga mafakitale amafunira zida zomwe zitha kupirira mikhalidwe yokhazikika pomwe ikupikisana, ofufuza atembenukira ku zinthu zophatikiza. Zida zapamwamba izi zimaphatikizira zinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti zigwirizane ndi mikhalidwe yabwino iliyonse ya aliyense, ndikupanga ma syrnergees omwe amapambana kuthekera kwa gawo lililonse.

● Zolinga za zinthu zophatikizika

Zipangizo zophatikizika zimapangidwa pophatikiza zinthu ziwiri kapena zingapo zophatikizika ndi katundu wosiyana kwambiri kapena mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimasiyana ndi zinthu zomwe zimasiyana ndi zigawo zina. Nthawi zambiri, zinthuzi zimamupanga matrix komanso kulimbikitsidwa. Mautrix amamanga pamodzi ndi gulu lonselo, pomwe kulimbikitsidwa kumathandizira kulimba mtima komanso kulimba mtima kwa kulimba.

Zitsanzo zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo ma fiberglass, mafashoni a Carbon, ndi olimbikitsa ma polity. Iliyonse ya izi yagwirizana kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira zingapo pamakampani osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, matesunoni a mpweya amadziwika kwambiri chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zodziwika bwino - zowonjezera, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala osokoneza bongo ku Awespace ndi zida zapamwamba - zida zamasewera zamasewera.

● Kusasinthika komanso kukhazikika

Kusinthasintha ndi kulimba kwa zinthu zophatikizika sizimasayerekezedwa chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo. Posankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ulusi ndi matrics, zida za anthu, asayansi amatha kupanga mainjiniya omwe amapangira magwiridwe antchito. Kusintha kumeneku kumalola zinthuzi kutchuka m'malo momwe kusinthasintha komanso kulimba ndizovuta.

Chimodzi mwazinthu zotsimikizika kwambiri za zinthu zophatikizira ndi kuthekera kwawo kukhalabe ndi umphumphu molingana ndi zinthu zauzimu. Kaya akuwonekera kutentha kwambiri, malo okhalamo, kapena kupsinjika kwambiri, kapena kupsinjika kwamakina opanga, ophatikizika adapangidwa kuti apirire popanda kunyalanyaza ntchito zawo. Kukhazikika kumeneku kumafunika kwambiri makampani ogulitsa magalimoto, komwe zida zimawonekera mosalekeza kuvala kapena kung'amba osatetezeka kapena kuchita bwino.

● Mapulogalamuwa

Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu mosiyanasiyana kwa zinthu zophatikizira kwapangitsa kuti awo azinyamula minda yosiyanasiyana. M'makampani omanga, ma coossites amagwiritsidwa ntchito polenga zivomezi - Zida Zosagwira Ntchito ndi Zowopsa Zingwe Zakale, zopereka mphamvu zonse komanso kusinthasintha. Mu gawo lazachipatala, akatswiri amakangana ndi msana wa prosthetics ndi zizindikilo, kupereka chizukwachi pomwe mukulola kuyenda kwachilengedwe.

Buku la Enerney Enerney limapindulanso ndi zinthuzi, makamaka popanga masamba amphepo. Apa, kusinthasintha kwa ma coossite kumapangitsa kuyamwa kwa katundu wamphamvu chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwamphepo, pomwe kulimba kwawo kumatsimikizira kutalika - mawu okwanira zachilengedwe.

● Ziyembekezero zamtsogolo

Pamene ukadaulo umapita patsogolo komanso kumvetsetsa kwathu zinthu zakuma, zomwe zingatheke kuti zinthu zophatikiza zipitirirebe. Ofufuzawo akufufuza mitundu yosiyanasiyana yosiyanasiyana, monga Bio - Zosiyanasiyana zochokera, zomwe zimapereka njira zina zachilengedwe popanda kupereka ntchito. Kuphatikiza kwa maluso anzeru, monga masekondi ophatikizidwa mkati mwa akatswiri, ndi njira ina yabwino kwambiri, yopukutira njira zopangira chilengedwe kuti zisasinthe - Zochita zenizeni.

Pomaliza, ngakhale kuti palibe zinthu chimodzi zomwe zinganene ulemu wa zosinthika komanso zolimba, zinthu zophatikizira zimayima patsogolo pa izi. Kuthekera kwawo kogwirizana ndi zofuna zina kumapangitsa kuti akhale othandizanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira zambiri, kuonetsetsa kuti atsala ndi chipango chonse cha zinthu za sayansi kwa zaka zikubwerazi.